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Development of Clothes Sizing System for Designing School Uniform for Pre-school Children Using Anthropometric Data in Rivers State, Nigeria
American Journal of Economics and Business Management,
Vol. 7 No. 7 (2024): July
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to develop a clothes sizing system for designing pre-school uniforms using anthropometric data from Rivers State, Nigeria. Guided by eleven objectives, eleven research questions, and seven hypotheses, the study adopted a combination of survey and Research and Development (R&D) designs, conducted in four phases. The population included 129,960 respondents: 2,127 pre-school teachers, 127,047 pre-school children, 266 tailors, and 520 parents. A sample of 1,267 respondents was selected using a multistage sampling technique: 819 respondents for phase one (327 teachers and 226 parents randomly selected, and 266 tailors included for needs assessment) and 400 preschoolers randomly selected for body measurements in phase two. Purposive sampling was used to select 12 user models and 36 judges for prototype evaluation. Data collection instruments included the School Uniform Needs Assessment Instrument for Teachers, Parents, and Tailors (SUNAITPT), the Standard Anthropometric Data Chart (SADC) for pre-school children, and the School Uniform Design Assessment Instrument for Judges (SUDAIJ). Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA at a 0.05 significance level. Findings indicated that pre-school children need uniforms that offer protection, durability, comfort, safety, easy movement, attractiveness, flame resistance, washability, and shrinkage resistance. Preferred attributes included various fabrics, bright colors, and aesthetic designs. Uniform sizes were categorized into three groups using basic block patterns for shirts, tops, skirts, jackets, pinafores, and ties. Twelve prototype uniforms were designed, meeting aesthetic and expressive attributes. The study recommended that Nigerian garment stakeholders use these findings to create functional, aesthetic, and expressive pre-school uniforms. The developed size chart, sizing system, and block patterns should be adopted, and the pattern drafting method should be published for broader knowledge sharing.
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- Betzina, S. (2017). Clothes that fit. https://www.storetaunton.com/onlinestore.
- Bezerra, G., Carvalho, M., Rocha, M., &Xu, B. (2017). Anthropometry for children’s clothing:
- Bilhassan, S., Albalaaze, R., Elgheriane, M. & Elkwafi, N. (2022). A Statistical Model for Analyzing Anthropometric Data and Developing Clothing Sizing Systems for Libyan School Children. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications. 11. 9-21. 10.7753/ijsea1101.1002.
- Chae, J. & Schofield-Tomschin, J. (2020). Anthropometry in engineering design (a case study of cassava grating machines installed in Doko and Kutigi metropolis of Lavun local government areas of Niger state) Niger. Acad. Forum, 22 (1), pp. 132-139.
- Dogbey, R. Rotzy, E., &Chizi, H. (2015). The Effect of Fabrics and Designs on the Physical Comfort of Children Clothes in the Accra Metropolis.
- Gall, M. D., Gall, S. P. & Borg, W. R. (2017). Educational Research and Introduction (8th ed.) U.S.A. Pearson Education. Inc.
- Gbetodeme, S. A. (2001). A Manual on Basic Design for Fashion Students.
- Gills, S. & Ahmed, M. (2022). Digital manufacturing technology for sustainable anthropometric
- Gogoi, M. &Baruah, B. (2015). Designing of dresses for pre-school girls. Asian J. Home Sci., 10 (1): 84-87.
- Gupta, D. &Zakaria, N. (2014). Anthropometry, apparel sizing and design, Woodhead Publishing Limited, UK, 1st Edition.
- Hye-won, Lim, Tracy Cassidy &Thouass Cassidy (2015). A study of the current infants and children’s clothing size charts in UK. International textiles and consumers congress ITCC/stanbul/Turkey.
- Idowu, T. J. (2016). The impact of modern clothing on indigenous attires in Niger State.
- Kloss, K. (2021). 20 ways to boast your baby's brain power, scholastic www.scholastic.com>family-life
- Lim, H. (2017). Comparative analysis of sizing in children’s wears between the UK and Korea.
- Mamadaminova, N. (2021). The Role of Pre-School Education in the Child’s Development and Analysis of Current Pre-School Education System in Uzbekistan. Journal of VasylStefanykPrecarpathian National University.8. 205-211. 10.15330/jpnu.8.1.205-211.
- Nathan, N., McCarthy, N., & Hope, K. (2021). The impact of school uniforms on primary school student’s physical activity at school: outcomes of a cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 18. 10.1186/s12966-021-01084-0.
- Prathyusha, K., Sharada, A. Devi & Antha, G. (2015) features preferred by primary schools children in school uniforms. International journal of science and research (IJSR) ISSN (online): 2319-7064, index copernicas value 6.4, Impact factors: 4:4:38 vol. 4 Issue 3.
- Rani, L. (2020). Designing of the School Uniforms for Pre-School Children.
- Siti, B. B., Naimah, M. S, Northasmah, S. & Mumtazah O. (2015). Development of clothing size for pro-school children. Based on anthropometric measurements. Australian Journal of sustainable business and society vol, 1. No. 2
- Sonye, C. (2018). Development of safety playground apparels for school age children in Rivers State, Nigeria. An unpublished thesis submitted to University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
- Uzoagulu, A. E. (2011). Practical Guide to writing research project Reports. Entertaining Institutions, Cheston Ltd.
- Westernmark, A. & Havelock, E. (2018). The development & function of clothing. Journal of general psychology. 2(1)262-364.
- Wijewardhana, A., Abdelsalam, A., & Mohamed, H. (2022). Development of clothing charts
- William, P. (2022). Why do preschoolers wear uniform-everything you need to know?
- Zakaria, N. (2016). Sizing and fit of clothing for children and teenagers.
References
Betzina, S. (2017). Clothes that fit. https://www.storetaunton.com/onlinestore.
Bezerra, G., Carvalho, M., Rocha, M., &Xu, B. (2017). Anthropometry for children’s clothing:
Bilhassan, S., Albalaaze, R., Elgheriane, M. & Elkwafi, N. (2022). A Statistical Model for Analyzing Anthropometric Data and Developing Clothing Sizing Systems for Libyan School Children. International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications. 11. 9-21. 10.7753/ijsea1101.1002.
Chae, J. & Schofield-Tomschin, J. (2020). Anthropometry in engineering design (a case study of cassava grating machines installed in Doko and Kutigi metropolis of Lavun local government areas of Niger state) Niger. Acad. Forum, 22 (1), pp. 132-139.
Dogbey, R. Rotzy, E., &Chizi, H. (2015). The Effect of Fabrics and Designs on the Physical Comfort of Children Clothes in the Accra Metropolis.
Gall, M. D., Gall, S. P. & Borg, W. R. (2017). Educational Research and Introduction (8th ed.) U.S.A. Pearson Education. Inc.
Gbetodeme, S. A. (2001). A Manual on Basic Design for Fashion Students.
Gills, S. & Ahmed, M. (2022). Digital manufacturing technology for sustainable anthropometric
Gogoi, M. &Baruah, B. (2015). Designing of dresses for pre-school girls. Asian J. Home Sci., 10 (1): 84-87.
Gupta, D. &Zakaria, N. (2014). Anthropometry, apparel sizing and design, Woodhead Publishing Limited, UK, 1st Edition.
Hye-won, Lim, Tracy Cassidy &Thouass Cassidy (2015). A study of the current infants and children’s clothing size charts in UK. International textiles and consumers congress ITCC/stanbul/Turkey.
Idowu, T. J. (2016). The impact of modern clothing on indigenous attires in Niger State.
Kloss, K. (2021). 20 ways to boast your baby's brain power, scholastic www.scholastic.com>family-life
Lim, H. (2017). Comparative analysis of sizing in children’s wears between the UK and Korea.
Mamadaminova, N. (2021). The Role of Pre-School Education in the Child’s Development and Analysis of Current Pre-School Education System in Uzbekistan. Journal of VasylStefanykPrecarpathian National University.8. 205-211. 10.15330/jpnu.8.1.205-211.
Nathan, N., McCarthy, N., & Hope, K. (2021). The impact of school uniforms on primary school student’s physical activity at school: outcomes of a cluster randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 18. 10.1186/s12966-021-01084-0.
Prathyusha, K., Sharada, A. Devi & Antha, G. (2015) features preferred by primary schools children in school uniforms. International journal of science and research (IJSR) ISSN (online): 2319-7064, index copernicas value 6.4, Impact factors: 4:4:38 vol. 4 Issue 3.
Rani, L. (2020). Designing of the School Uniforms for Pre-School Children.
Siti, B. B., Naimah, M. S, Northasmah, S. & Mumtazah O. (2015). Development of clothing size for pro-school children. Based on anthropometric measurements. Australian Journal of sustainable business and society vol, 1. No. 2
Sonye, C. (2018). Development of safety playground apparels for school age children in Rivers State, Nigeria. An unpublished thesis submitted to University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
Uzoagulu, A. E. (2011). Practical Guide to writing research project Reports. Entertaining Institutions, Cheston Ltd.
Westernmark, A. & Havelock, E. (2018). The development & function of clothing. Journal of general psychology. 2(1)262-364.
Wijewardhana, A., Abdelsalam, A., & Mohamed, H. (2022). Development of clothing charts
William, P. (2022). Why do preschoolers wear uniform-everything you need to know?
Zakaria, N. (2016). Sizing and fit of clothing for children and teenagers.