Understanding performance management, performance appraisal and performance measurement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v2i4.98Keywords:
Performance, performance management, performance appraisal, performance measurementAbstract
This paper is aimed at disentangling performance management, performance appraisal and performance measurement as often misconstrued by management, human resource management and other related disciplines researchers across the globe. Secondary source of data such as journal and textbooks in human resource management were utilized in this paper. The paper also highlights the underline significance of the three nomenclatures in the organisation. Thus, performance management, measurement and appraisal should be treated separately to avoid misrepresentation or duplicates of concepts within the research arena. The paper also x-rays various performance appraisal techniques such as graphic rating scale method, alternation ranking method, paired comparison method, forced distribution method, critical incident method, narrative forms method, field review method, behavioural anchored rating scales, management by objectives, 360-degree feedback, balanced scorecard, computerized and web-based performance method. The implication of this paper is that In addition, managers and business practitioners that sought to choose performance appraisal technique that is appropriate to evaluate subordinates performance will find this paper useful.
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References
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Robins, S.P., Judge, T.A., & Sanghi, S. (2009). Organisational behavior (13th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2011). Performance management and measurement. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration.
Sapra, N. (2012). Current trends in performance appraisal. IJRIM,2(2).
Serrat, O. (2010). The perils of performance measurement. Knowledge Solutions, 84, 1-7.
Smith, P.C., Mossialos, E., & Papanicolas, I. (2008). Performance measurement for health system improvement: Experiences, challenges and prospects. WHO Ministerial Conference on Health Systems: “Health Systems, Health and Wealth”. Tallinn, Estonia, 25 – 27 June, 2008.
Torrington, D., Hall, L., Atkinson, C., & Taylor, S. (2017). Human resource management (10th ed.). United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
Ugwu, J.N. (2009). Organisational behaviour. Enugu: EMC Publishers.
Vroom, V. (1964). Work and Motivation. Chichester: Wiley
Weiss, T.B., & Hartle, F. (1997). Re-engineering performance management, breakthrough in achieving strategy through people. Florida: St. Lucie Press.
Zvavahera, P. (2014). An evaluation of the effectiveness of performance management systems on service delivery in the Zimbabwean civil service. Journal of Management and Marketing Research.
Aguinis, H. (2005). Performance Management. Edinburgh Business School.
Aguinis, H. (2007). Performance Management. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Alo, O. (1999). Human resource management in Nigeria. Lagos: Business and Institutional Support Associates Limited.
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s Handbook of human resource management practice (11th edn.). London: Kogan Page.
Armstrong, E. (2006). Performance management: Key strategies and practical guidelines. (3rd edn.). London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
Atakpa, M., Ocheni, S. & Nwankwo,B.C. (2013). Review of performance appraisal and objective assessment of subordinate officers in Nigeria. International Journal of Public Administration and Management Research, 2(1), 39-47.
Beardwell, I. & Holden, L. (2001). Human resource management a contemporary approach (3rd ed.). United Kingdom: Pearson Education.
Behn, R. (2003). Why measure performance? Different purposes require different measures. Public Administration Review, 63(5), 586–606.
Boxall, P., Purcell, J., & Wright, P. (2007). The Oxford handbook of human resource management. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bussim, M. (2012). Performance management: How to get it right. 21st Century Pay Solutions Group. Johannesburg: Rosebbank.
Chase, P., & Fuchs, S. (2008). Performance management and appraisal, in M. MullerCamen, R. Croucher and S. Leigh (Eds), Human Resource Management: A Case Study Approach. London: CIPD.
Cleveland, J.N., & Murphy, R.E. (1989). Multiple uses of performance appraisal: Prevalence and correlates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 130–135
Collings, D.G., & Wood, G. (2009). Human resource management: A critical approach. London and New York: Routledge.
Colquitt, J.A., Greenberg, J., & Zapata-Phelan, C.P. (2005). What is organizational justice? A historical overview. In J. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), Handbook of organizational justice ( 3–56). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Cropanzano, R., Slaughter, J.E., & Bachiochi, P.D. (2005). Organizational justice and black applicants’ reactions to affirmative action. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 1168 –1184.
Dessler, G. (2013). Human resource management (13th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Dessler, G. (2005). Human resource management. New Jersey: Pearson.
Dictionary of Human resources and personnel management (2006) (3rd ed.). London: A & C Black Publishers Ltd.
Drucker, P. (1954). The practice of management. New Yor: Harper.
Fernandez, F. (2005). Globalisation and human resource management, adapting successful UN practices for the private and public Sector. New York: HNB Publishing.
Folger, R., & Cropanzano, R. (1998). Organizational justice and human resource management. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Gilley, A., Gilley, J.W., Quatro, S.A., & Dixon, P. (2009).The Praeger Handbook of Human Resource Management. (Vol. 1). London: Praeger Publishers.
Glendinning, P. (2007). Performance management: Pariah or Messiah. Public Personnel Management 31, 2 (Summer 2002), 161-178.
Ivancevich, J. (2001). Human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Jones, G.R. & George, J.M. (2017). Essentials of contemporary management (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Koontz, H. (1961). The management theory jungle. Journal of the Academy of Management, 174-188.
Locke, E., & Latham, G. (2006). New directions in goal setting theory. Association for Psychological Science, 15, 265–8.
Medlin, B. (2013). Performance management-or lack thereof-at Bella’s. Journal of Business Cases and Applications.
Mustafa, S.M. (2013). Key factors in performance management: Employee point of view. Bachelor’s thesis, Hawk University of Applied Sciences.
Nel, P., Werner, A., Du Plessis, A., Ngalo, O., Poisat, P., Sono, T., Van Hoek, L., & Botha, C.(2011). Human resources management (8th ed.). Southern Africa:Oxford University Press.
Newcomer, K.E. (1997). Using performance measurement to improve programs. New Directions for Evaluation, 75, 5-13.
Nkwane, J.P. (2012). Staff perceptions of the implementation of a performance management and development system: Father Smangaliso Mkhatswa Case Study. Master of Public Administration, the University of South Africa.
Noe, A.R., Hollenbeck, R.J., Gerhart, B., & Wright, M.P. (2016). Fundamentals of human resource management. New York: McGraw-Hill Education
Perrin, E.B., Durch, J.S., & Skillman, S.M. (1999). Health performance measurement in the public sector: Principles and policies for implementing an information network. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.
Rishipal, & Manish (2013). Performance management and employee loyalty. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management, 13(3), 22-26.
Robins, S.P., Judge, T.A., & Sanghi, S. (2009). Organisational behavior (13th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2011). Performance management and measurement. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration.
Sapra, N. (2012). Current trends in performance appraisal. IJRIM,2(2).
Serrat, O. (2010). The perils of performance measurement. Knowledge Solutions, 84, 1-7.
Smith, P.C., Mossialos, E., & Papanicolas, I. (2008). Performance measurement for health system improvement: Experiences, challenges and prospects. WHO Ministerial Conference on Health Systems: “Health Systems, Health and Wealth”. Tallinn, Estonia, 25 – 27 June, 2008.
Torrington, D., Hall, L., Atkinson, C., & Taylor, S. (2017). Human resource management (10th ed.). United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
Ugwu, J.N. (2009). Organisational behaviour. Enugu: EMC Publishers.
Vroom, V. (1964). Work and Motivation. Chichester: Wiley
Weiss, T.B., & Hartle, F. (1997). Re-engineering performance management, breakthrough in achieving strategy through people. Florida: St. Lucie Press.
Zvavahera, P. (2014). An evaluation of the effectiveness of performance management systems on service delivery in the Zimbabwean civil service. Journal of Management and Marketing Research.
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Published
2019-12-26
How to Cite
EDEH, F. O., UGWU, J. N., UDEZE, C. G., OSUEKE, N. C., & OGWU, V. O. (2019). Understanding performance management, performance appraisal and performance measurement. American Journal of Economics and Business Management, 2(4), 129–146. https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v2i4.98
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