Workplace democracy and employee resilience in Nigerian hospitality industry
Corresponding Author(s) : FRIDAY OGBU EDEH
American Journal of Economics and Business Management,
Vol. 2 No. 4 (2019): AJEBM
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between workplace democracy and employee resilience in Nigerian hospitality industry using cross-sectional survey. Accessible population of one hundred (100) managers, supervisors and employees were sampled from twenty selected hospitality firms operating in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used in selecting the twenty hospitality firms. Sample size of eighty (80) was ascertained from the accessible population with Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination table. Closed ended structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Eighty (80) copies of questionnaire were administered to respondents but sixty three (63) copies were correctly filled and found useful for analysis. Face validity was used to ascertain the validity of the instrument, while Cronbach α was used to ascertain the reliability of the instrument. Respondents’ demographic characteristics were analysed with descriptive statistics (frequencies). Kendall Coefficient of Concordance was used to analyse the hypotheses with IBM SPSS Statistics (20.0). The study found that workplace democracy dimensions are positively associated with measures of employee resilience in Nigerian hospitality industry. This study concludes that workplace democracy that is measured in terms of organisational justice and individuation predicts employee resilience in Nigerian hospitality industry.
Keywords
Workplace democracy
employee resilience
adaptive capacity
situation awareness
individuation
organisational justice
EDEH, F. O., UGWU, J. N., IKPOR, I. M., UDEZE, C. G., & OGWU, V. O. (2019). Workplace democracy and employee resilience in Nigerian hospitality industry. American Journal of Economics and Business Management, 2(4), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v2i4.99
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References
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Ambrose G, Harris P. Packaging the brand: the relationship between packaging design and brand identity. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2017 Sep 7.
van Ooijen I, Fransen ML, Verlegh PW, Smit EG. Packaging design as an implicit communicator: Effects on product quality inferences in the presence of explicit quality cues. Food quality and preference. 2017 Dec 1;62:71-9.
Alamene, W., Eke, B.C., & Anyanwu, S.A. (2017). Innovation and organizational resilience: A study of selected food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 3(6),1-15.
Alapiki, H.E. (2004). Politics and governance in Nigeria (2nd ed.). Port Harcourt: Amethyst & Colleagues.
American Psychological Association (2014). The road to resilience. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx Armin, P.V., Wolfgang, G.W., Christine, U., & Sarah, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational democracy and socio-moral climate: Exploring effects of the ethical context in organizations. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 34(3), 423–449.
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice. (11th edn.). London: Kogan Page.
Boxall, P.F., & Purcell, J. (2003). Strategy and human resource management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Carvalho, A.O., Ribeiro, I., Cirani, C.B.S., & Cintra, F.R. (2016). Organizational resilience: A comparative study between innovative and non-innovative companies based on the financial performance analysis. International Journal of Innovation, 4(1), 58-69.
Chesser, J.W. (2016). Human resource management in a hospitality environment. Canada: Apple Academic Press, Inc
Dahl, R. A. (1985). A preface to economic democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dalziell, E.P., & McManus, S.T. (2004). Resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity: Implications for system performance. International Forum for Engineering Decision Making (IFED), University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
Dupe, A.A. (2015). Impacts of industrial democracy on organizational performance (case study of selected private and public sector organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria). Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(2),11-33.
Edeh, F.O., Chukwu, A.U., & Osueke, N.C. (2019). Effect of customer relationship management on organisational resilience of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 6(2), 272-284.
Edeh, F.O., & Dialoke, I. (2016). Talent management strategies and workers’ effectiveness. A study of selected hotels in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices, 5(2),32-44.
Eketu, C.A. (2015). Talent management and sustainable enterprise resilience among travel agencies in Port Harcourt. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(8),268-275.
Eketu, C.A., & Ifionu, E. P. (2015). Firms’ collaborative behaviour and enterprise resilience among banks in Nigeria. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(9),27-33.
Fukofuka, S., Fukofuka, P.T., & Loke, D.T. (2018). Predictors of organizational resilience: A path analysis. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(9),31-42.
Grady, R.C. (1990). Workplace democracy and possessive Individualism. Journal of Politics, 52(1), 146 -166.
Greenberg, E.S. (1981). Industrial democracy and the democratic citizen. Journal of Politics 43(4), 964–981.
Harrison, J.S., & Freeman, R.E. (2004). Democracy in and around organizations: Is organizational democracy worth the effort? Academy of Management Executive, 18(3),49 -53.
Hatton, T., Brown, C., Kipp, R., Seville, E., Brouggy, P., & Loveday, M. (2018). Developing a model and instrument to measure the resilience of critical infrastructure sector organisations. International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 14(1),59-79.
Kaufman, B.E. (2000). The early institutionalists on industrial democracy and union democracy. Journal of Labor Research, 21(2), 189–209.
Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Langvardt, G.D. (2007). Resilience and commitment to change: A case study of a nonprofit organization. Dissertation, Minneapolis: Capella University.
Lashley, C. (2008). Studying hospitality: Insights from social sciences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(1), 69–84.
Linnenluecke, M.K. (2015). Resilience in business and management research: A review of influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30.
Marchington, M, Wilkinson, A., & Dundon, A. (2004). Management choice and employee voice. London: CIPD
McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J., & Brunsdon, D. (2008). A facilitated process for improving organizational resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 9(2), 81-90.
McShane, S.L., & Von Glinow, M.A. (2018). Organizational behavior. Emerging knowledge. Global reality (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Moorman, R.H. (2009). Organizational justice perceptions as predictor of job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 4 (9), 145.
Ome- Egeonu, A.,& Lawrence, I.N. (2017). Trade unionism and industrial democracy in the Rivers State civil service system. Public Policy and Administration Research,7(10),82-88.
Pausch, M. (2013). Workplace democracy: From a democratic ideal to a managerial tool and back. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 19(1), 1-19.
Poole, M. (1986). Towards a new industrial democracy. London: Routledge
Poutsma, E., Hendrickx, J., & Huijgen, F. (2003). Employee participation in Europe: In
search of the participative workplace. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24, 45–76.
Pullman, M., & Rodgers, S. (2010). Capacity management for hospitality and tourism: A
review of current approaches. Int. J. Hospitality Manage, 29, 177–187
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., & Sanghi, S. (2009). Organisational behavior (13th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S.P., & Judge, T.A. (2018). Essentials of organizational behavior. Global Edition. England: Pearson Education Limited.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Singh, S.P. (2013). Industrial relations. India: AITBS Publishers.
Stanley, E., & John, M. (2018). Industrial democracy and organizational effectiveness of
selected Rivers State parastatals. IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 4(2),61-70.
Sutcliffe, K.M., & Vogus, T.J. (2003). Organizing for resilience. In K. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive Organizational Scholarship. San Francisco, CA: Berret Koehler. Retrieved from http://cpor.org/ro/sutcliffe-vogus(2003).pdf
Vidyarathne , C.N., Dhammika, K.A.S., & Mendis, M.V.S. (2017). Workplace democratic
practices and industrial relations climate: A study on large scale apparel company in Western Province, Sri Lanka. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2), 110-127.
Zhen, G., (2004). Management science applications in tourism and hospitality. Binghamton, New York: The Haworth Hospitality Press, Inc.
References
Ambrose G, Harris P. Packaging the brand: the relationship between packaging design and brand identity. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2017 Sep 7.
van Ooijen I, Fransen ML, Verlegh PW, Smit EG. Packaging design as an implicit communicator: Effects on product quality inferences in the presence of explicit quality cues. Food quality and preference. 2017 Dec 1;62:71-9.
Alamene, W., Eke, B.C., & Anyanwu, S.A. (2017). Innovation and organizational resilience: A study of selected food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 3(6),1-15.
Alapiki, H.E. (2004). Politics and governance in Nigeria (2nd ed.). Port Harcourt: Amethyst & Colleagues.
American Psychological Association (2014). The road to resilience. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx Armin, P.V., Wolfgang, G.W., Christine, U., & Sarah, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational democracy and socio-moral climate: Exploring effects of the ethical context in organizations. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 34(3), 423–449.
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice. (11th edn.). London: Kogan Page.
Boxall, P.F., & Purcell, J. (2003). Strategy and human resource management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Carvalho, A.O., Ribeiro, I., Cirani, C.B.S., & Cintra, F.R. (2016). Organizational resilience: A comparative study between innovative and non-innovative companies based on the financial performance analysis. International Journal of Innovation, 4(1), 58-69.
Chesser, J.W. (2016). Human resource management in a hospitality environment. Canada: Apple Academic Press, Inc
Dahl, R. A. (1985). A preface to economic democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dalziell, E.P., & McManus, S.T. (2004). Resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity: Implications for system performance. International Forum for Engineering Decision Making (IFED), University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
Dupe, A.A. (2015). Impacts of industrial democracy on organizational performance (case study of selected private and public sector organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria). Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(2),11-33.
Edeh, F.O., Chukwu, A.U., & Osueke, N.C. (2019). Effect of customer relationship management on organisational resilience of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 6(2), 272-284.
Edeh, F.O., & Dialoke, I. (2016). Talent management strategies and workers’ effectiveness. A study of selected hotels in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices, 5(2),32-44.
Eketu, C.A. (2015). Talent management and sustainable enterprise resilience among travel agencies in Port Harcourt. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(8),268-275.
Eketu, C.A., & Ifionu, E. P. (2015). Firms’ collaborative behaviour and enterprise resilience among banks in Nigeria. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(9),27-33.
Fukofuka, S., Fukofuka, P.T., & Loke, D.T. (2018). Predictors of organizational resilience: A path analysis. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(9),31-42.
Grady, R.C. (1990). Workplace democracy and possessive Individualism. Journal of Politics, 52(1), 146 -166.
Greenberg, E.S. (1981). Industrial democracy and the democratic citizen. Journal of Politics 43(4), 964–981.
Harrison, J.S., & Freeman, R.E. (2004). Democracy in and around organizations: Is organizational democracy worth the effort? Academy of Management Executive, 18(3),49 -53.
Hatton, T., Brown, C., Kipp, R., Seville, E., Brouggy, P., & Loveday, M. (2018). Developing a model and instrument to measure the resilience of critical infrastructure sector organisations. International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 14(1),59-79.
Kaufman, B.E. (2000). The early institutionalists on industrial democracy and union democracy. Journal of Labor Research, 21(2), 189–209.
Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Langvardt, G.D. (2007). Resilience and commitment to change: A case study of a nonprofit organization. Dissertation, Minneapolis: Capella University.
Lashley, C. (2008). Studying hospitality: Insights from social sciences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(1), 69–84.
Linnenluecke, M.K. (2015). Resilience in business and management research: A review of influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30.
Marchington, M, Wilkinson, A., & Dundon, A. (2004). Management choice and employee voice. London: CIPD
McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J., & Brunsdon, D. (2008). A facilitated process for improving organizational resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 9(2), 81-90.
McShane, S.L., & Von Glinow, M.A. (2018). Organizational behavior. Emerging knowledge. Global reality (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Moorman, R.H. (2009). Organizational justice perceptions as predictor of job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 4 (9), 145.
Ome- Egeonu, A.,& Lawrence, I.N. (2017). Trade unionism and industrial democracy in the Rivers State civil service system. Public Policy and Administration Research,7(10),82-88.
Pausch, M. (2013). Workplace democracy: From a democratic ideal to a managerial tool and back. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 19(1), 1-19.
Poole, M. (1986). Towards a new industrial democracy. London: Routledge
Poutsma, E., Hendrickx, J., & Huijgen, F. (2003). Employee participation in Europe: In
search of the participative workplace. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24, 45–76.
Pullman, M., & Rodgers, S. (2010). Capacity management for hospitality and tourism: A
review of current approaches. Int. J. Hospitality Manage, 29, 177–187
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., & Sanghi, S. (2009). Organisational behavior (13th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S.P., & Judge, T.A. (2018). Essentials of organizational behavior. Global Edition. England: Pearson Education Limited.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Singh, S.P. (2013). Industrial relations. India: AITBS Publishers.
Stanley, E., & John, M. (2018). Industrial democracy and organizational effectiveness of
selected Rivers State parastatals. IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 4(2),61-70.
Sutcliffe, K.M., & Vogus, T.J. (2003). Organizing for resilience. In K. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive Organizational Scholarship. San Francisco, CA: Berret Koehler. Retrieved from http://cpor.org/ro/sutcliffe-vogus(2003).pdf
Vidyarathne , C.N., Dhammika, K.A.S., & Mendis, M.V.S. (2017). Workplace democratic
practices and industrial relations climate: A study on large scale apparel company in Western Province, Sri Lanka. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2), 110-127.
Zhen, G., (2004). Management science applications in tourism and hospitality. Binghamton, New York: The Haworth Hospitality Press, Inc.
van Ooijen I, Fransen ML, Verlegh PW, Smit EG. Packaging design as an implicit communicator: Effects on product quality inferences in the presence of explicit quality cues. Food quality and preference. 2017 Dec 1;62:71-9.
Alamene, W., Eke, B.C., & Anyanwu, S.A. (2017). Innovation and organizational resilience: A study of selected food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 3(6),1-15.
Alapiki, H.E. (2004). Politics and governance in Nigeria (2nd ed.). Port Harcourt: Amethyst & Colleagues.
American Psychological Association (2014). The road to resilience. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/road-resilience.aspx Armin, P.V., Wolfgang, G.W., Christine, U., & Sarah, S. (2012). The relationship between organizational democracy and socio-moral climate: Exploring effects of the ethical context in organizations. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 34(3), 423–449.
Armstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s handbook of human resource management practice. (11th edn.). London: Kogan Page.
Boxall, P.F., & Purcell, J. (2003). Strategy and human resource management. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Carvalho, A.O., Ribeiro, I., Cirani, C.B.S., & Cintra, F.R. (2016). Organizational resilience: A comparative study between innovative and non-innovative companies based on the financial performance analysis. International Journal of Innovation, 4(1), 58-69.
Chesser, J.W. (2016). Human resource management in a hospitality environment. Canada: Apple Academic Press, Inc
Dahl, R. A. (1985). A preface to economic democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Dalziell, E.P., & McManus, S.T. (2004). Resilience, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity: Implications for system performance. International Forum for Engineering Decision Making (IFED), University of Canterbury, Christchurch.
Dupe, A.A. (2015). Impacts of industrial democracy on organizational performance (case study of selected private and public sector organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria). Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(2),11-33.
Edeh, F.O., Chukwu, A.U., & Osueke, N.C. (2019). Effect of customer relationship management on organisational resilience of deposit money banks in Nigeria. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 6(2), 272-284.
Edeh, F.O., & Dialoke, I. (2016). Talent management strategies and workers’ effectiveness. A study of selected hotels in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. International Journal of Knowledge Management and Practices, 5(2),32-44.
Eketu, C.A. (2015). Talent management and sustainable enterprise resilience among travel agencies in Port Harcourt. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(8),268-275.
Eketu, C.A., & Ifionu, E. P. (2015). Firms’ collaborative behaviour and enterprise resilience among banks in Nigeria. The International Journal of Business & Management, 3(9),27-33.
Fukofuka, S., Fukofuka, P.T., & Loke, D.T. (2018). Predictors of organizational resilience: A path analysis. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(9),31-42.
Grady, R.C. (1990). Workplace democracy and possessive Individualism. Journal of Politics, 52(1), 146 -166.
Greenberg, E.S. (1981). Industrial democracy and the democratic citizen. Journal of Politics 43(4), 964–981.
Harrison, J.S., & Freeman, R.E. (2004). Democracy in and around organizations: Is organizational democracy worth the effort? Academy of Management Executive, 18(3),49 -53.
Hatton, T., Brown, C., Kipp, R., Seville, E., Brouggy, P., & Loveday, M. (2018). Developing a model and instrument to measure the resilience of critical infrastructure sector organisations. International Journal of Critical Infrastructures, 14(1),59-79.
Kaufman, B.E. (2000). The early institutionalists on industrial democracy and union democracy. Journal of Labor Research, 21(2), 189–209.
Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Langvardt, G.D. (2007). Resilience and commitment to change: A case study of a nonprofit organization. Dissertation, Minneapolis: Capella University.
Lashley, C. (2008). Studying hospitality: Insights from social sciences. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 8(1), 69–84.
Linnenluecke, M.K. (2015). Resilience in business and management research: A review of influential publications and a research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 4-30.
Marchington, M, Wilkinson, A., & Dundon, A. (2004). Management choice and employee voice. London: CIPD
McManus, S., Seville, E., Vargo, J., & Brunsdon, D. (2008). A facilitated process for improving organizational resilience. Natural Hazards Review, 9(2), 81-90.
McShane, S.L., & Von Glinow, M.A. (2018). Organizational behavior. Emerging knowledge. Global reality (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Moorman, R.H. (2009). Organizational justice perceptions as predictor of job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Management, 4 (9), 145.
Ome- Egeonu, A.,& Lawrence, I.N. (2017). Trade unionism and industrial democracy in the Rivers State civil service system. Public Policy and Administration Research,7(10),82-88.
Pausch, M. (2013). Workplace democracy: From a democratic ideal to a managerial tool and back. The Innovation Journal: The Public Sector Innovation Journal, 19(1), 1-19.
Poole, M. (1986). Towards a new industrial democracy. London: Routledge
Poutsma, E., Hendrickx, J., & Huijgen, F. (2003). Employee participation in Europe: In
search of the participative workplace. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 24, 45–76.
Pullman, M., & Rodgers, S. (2010). Capacity management for hospitality and tourism: A
review of current approaches. Int. J. Hospitality Manage, 29, 177–187
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., & Sanghi, S. (2009). Organisational behavior (13th ed.). New Delhi: Prentice Hall.
Robbins, S.P., & Judge, T.A. (2018). Essentials of organizational behavior. Global Edition. England: Pearson Education Limited.
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). England: Pearson Education Limited.
Singh, S.P. (2013). Industrial relations. India: AITBS Publishers.
Stanley, E., & John, M. (2018). Industrial democracy and organizational effectiveness of
selected Rivers State parastatals. IIARD International Journal of Economics and Business Management, 4(2),61-70.
Sutcliffe, K.M., & Vogus, T.J. (2003). Organizing for resilience. In K. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.). Positive Organizational Scholarship. San Francisco, CA: Berret Koehler. Retrieved from http://cpor.org/ro/sutcliffe-vogus(2003).pdf
Vidyarathne , C.N., Dhammika, K.A.S., & Mendis, M.V.S. (2017). Workplace democratic
practices and industrial relations climate: A study on large scale apparel company in Western Province, Sri Lanka. Kelaniya Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2), 110-127.
Zhen, G., (2004). Management science applications in tourism and hospitality. Binghamton, New York: The Haworth Hospitality Press, Inc.