Building the Nation Amid Infrastructure; China Pakistan Economic Corridor (Cpec), Dividends and Apprehensions

Authors

  • Iram Naseer Ahmad Assistant professor Forman Christian University Department of History & Pakistan studies

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v5i10.1555

Keywords:

Infrastructure, CPEC, Economics, Nation, Development

Abstract

Economy is a backbone of any nation’s success. Forming a nation’s infrastructure and carrying stability to an existing structure always require deliberate study. It is claimed that Beijing’s sixty-two billion investment in CPEC will increase the financial facade of Pakistan. CPEC is one of the significant and enormous investment of China in an offshore state, and this has proven its worth being the fastest infrastructure project towards its fulfillment. In this framework, the study investigates the understanding of how this claim yields socio-economic and structural stability to the state of Pakistan. How far its successful implementation can reconstruct the Pakistani economy towards a middle-income country and might encourage in addressing some key issues such as poverty, illiteracy and terrorism? Besides, the data for this research has incorporated from official archival documents, agreements, statements from Pakistan China Institute’s Annual Reports. The study has used the gravity model and endogenous growth theory as a tool to understand infrastructure and technological advancement for economic prosperity and national progress. Overall, the aim of this study is to reexamine the historical development of CPEC by gauging the particular experience of the infrastructure. The research discusses the global and domestic challenges towards the definite achievement of the CPEC project.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abid, M., & Ashfaq, A. (2015). CPEC: Challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Vision, 16(2), 142–169.

Ahmad, I. N., Hameed, U., & Shahzad, H. Z. (2017). Pakistan And International Agreements And Its Impact On Pakistan’s Economy. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 54(2).

Ali, A. (2015). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Prospects and challenges for regional integeration. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies, 7(1), 1–15.

Aslam, S., Khan, F., & Rafi, A. (2016). CPEC: Pakistan’s way to success. Special Report. IICR.

Baru, S. (2012). Geo-economics and Strategy. Survival, 54(3), 47–58.

Batten, D. F., & Karlsson, C. (2012). Infrastructure and the Complexity of Economic Development. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=U3_qCAAAQBAJ

Bhattacharji, P. (2009). Uighurs and china’s Xinjiang region. Council on Foreign Relations.

Briceno, C., Estache, A., & Shafik, N. T. (2004). Infrastructure services in developing countries: access, quality, costs, and policy reform. The World Bank.

Butt, K. M., & Butt, A. A. (2015). IMPACT OF CPEC ON REGIONAL AND EXTRA-REGIONAL ACTORS. The Journal of Political Science, 33, 23.

Button, K. (2010). Transport economics. Edward Elgar Publishing.

Butz, D. A., & Cook, N. E. (2011). Accessibility interrupted: the Shimshal road, Gilgit‐Baltistan, Pakistan. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe Canadien, 55(3), 354–364.

Calderón, C., & Servén, L. (2004). The effects of infrastructure development on growth and income distribution. World Bank Publications.

Carrere, C. (2006). Revisiting the effects of regional trade agreements on trade flows with proper specification of the gravity model. European Economic Review, 50(2), 223–247.

Chen, X., Joseph, S. K., & Tariq, H. (2018). Betting big on CPEC.

China, S. C. of. Full text: Action plan on the Belt and Road Initiative (2015). Beijing: Retrieved from english.gov.cn belt and road.

Choudhry, S. (2017). Is Cpec Economic Corridor or a Strategic Game Plan? AuthorHouse UK. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=no4uDwAAQBAJ

Deardorff, A. (1998). Determinants of bilateral trade: does gravity work in a neoclassical world? In The regionalization of the world economy (pp. 7–32). University of Chicago Press.

Erlander, S., & Stewart, N. F. (1990). The Gravity Model in Transportation Analysis: Theory and Extensions. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=tId3PU1leR8C

Forkenbrock, D. J., & Foster, N. S. J. (1990). Economic benefits of a corridor highway investment. Transportation Research Part A: General, 24(4), 303–312.

Gwadar Port’s location to facilitate regional trade and development: Naseer Khan Kashani - CPEC Late. (n.d.).

Herzog, C., Gruševaja, M., & School, W. B. (2015). The Relevance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank from a Global Perspective.

Hirantha, S. W. (2004). From SAPTA to SAFTA: Gravity analysis of South Asian free trade. European Trade Study Group (ETSG).

Husain, I. (2005). Current issues in Pakistan’s economy: finance, growth, poverty & human development, globalization : a collection of papers, speeches ... delivered by Ishrat Husain, Governor State Bank of Pakistan during April 2003-June 2004. Lahore: State Bank of Pakistan. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=y8HsAAAAMAAJ

Hussain, M. (2017). China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): Challenges and the way forward. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School.

Ismail, N. W., & Mahyideen, J. M. (2015). The Impact of Infrastructure on Trade and Economic Asian Development Bank Institute.

Javaid, U. (2016a). Assessing CPEC: Potential threats and prospects. Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan, 53(2).

Javaid, U. (2016b). China’s Interests and Challenges in South Asia. South Asian Studies, 31(2), 65.

Judd, D. R. (2003). The Infrastructure of Play: Building the Tourist City. M.E. Sharpe. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=7ol_MPnAqFkC

Kaplan, R. D. (2010). Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Fututre of American Power. New York: ReadHowYouWant.com, Limited.

Kessides, C. (1993). The Contributions of Infrastructure to Economic Development: A Review of Experience and Policy Implications. World Bank. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=tOH0ra5QaoMC

Khan, K., & Anwar, S. (2016). Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and CPEC: Background, Challenges and Strategies.

Khanna, P. (2009). The second world: how emerging powers are redefining global competition in the twenty-first century. Random House Incorporated.

Khanna, P. (2011). How to run the world: charting a course to the next renaissance. Random House.

Khanna, P. (2016a). Connectography: Mapping the future of global civilization. Random House.

Khanna, P. (2016b). Connectography: Mapping the Global Network Revolution. Hachette UK.

Lam, P. E., & Institute, N. U. of S. E. A. (2014). China’s Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: East Asian Responses. Singapore: East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore.

Lee, A. (2012). What the U.S. Can Learn from China: An Open-minded Guide to Treating Our Greatest Competitor as Our Greatest Teacher. New York: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Lee, J. Y. (2016). China’s Hegemony: Four Hundred Years of East Asian Domination. Columbia: Columbia University Press.

Lehr, P. (2017). The Challenge of Security in the Indian Ocean in the 21st Century: Plus ça change...? Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics, (13).

LLC, G. B., & Books, L. L. C. (2010). State Bank of Pakistan: Ishrat Hussain, Shamshad Akhtar, Sbots, Khanani and Kalia International Ltd. , Governor of State Bank of Pakistan, Ecib. Karachi: General Books LLC. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=3H2kSQAACAAJ

Mahboob-ul-Haq, D. (1997). No Global Human Security without Poverty Reduction.

Mahbubani, K. (2014). The Great Convergence: Asia, the West, and the Logic of One World. New York: Public Affairs Publisher.

Malik, H. Y. (2012). Strategic importance of gwadar port. Journal of Political Studies, 19(2), 57.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (1990). Why we will soon miss the Cold War. The Atlantic Monthly, 266(2), 35–50.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (1995). A realist reply. International Security, 20(1), 82–93.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (2006). China’s unpeaceful rise. CURRENT HISTORY-NEW YORK THEN PHILADELPHIA-, 105(690), 160.

Mearsheimer, J. J. (2010). The gathering storm: China’s challenge to US power in Asia. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3(4), 381–396.

Measuring and understanding the impact of terrorism. (2017).

Mody, A., & Bank, W. (1997). Infrastructure Strategies in East Asia: The Untold Story. World Bank. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=jSVNQi3UZKgC

Pillsbury, M. (2015). The Hundred-Year Marathon: China’s Secret Strategy to Replace America as the Global Superpower. London: Henry Holt and Company.

Planning, W. D. of T. I. M. B. of. (2001). Transportation Planning Resource Guide: A Guide to Preparing the Transportation Element of a Local Comprehensive Plan. Wisconsin Department of Transportation, Division of Transportation Investment Management, Bureau of Planning. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=AfcTCA95NXEC

Rainer, G. (1990). Understanding Infrastructure: Guide for Architects and Planners. Wiley. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=xf40MYWdBbYC

Ramay, S. A. (2016). China Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Chinese Dream Being Materialized Through Pakistan. CPEC: A Chinese Dream Being Materialized Through Pakistan, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2608927

Ranjan, A. (2015). The China-Pakistan economic corridor: India’s options. New Delhi.

Roads, U. S. B. of P. (1965). Calibrating & testing a gravity model for any size urban area. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads, Office of Planning; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print Off. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=SOLl9UcF9xkC

Rotberg, R. I. (2009). China into Africa: Trade, Aid, and Influence. Washington: Brookings Institution Press.

Singer, A., & Bird, T. (2004). Building a logging infrastructure. The USENIX Association.

Small, A. (2015). The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia’s New Geopolitics. London: Oxford University Press.

Starkie, D. N. M. (2013). Transportation Planning, Policy and Analysis: Urban and Regional Planning Series. Elsevier Science. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=ceZsBQAAQBAJ

Straub, S. (2008). Infrastructure and growth in developing countries (Vol. 4460). World Bank Publications.

Suleri, A. Q. (2018). A shared future under CPEC: Pakistan, China, and the rest of the world under CEPC—This is the model to go forward.

Syed, R. (2013). China takes over operational control of Gwadar port. Daily Times.

Syed, S. T. H. (2016). Energy security: Development in CPEC vis-a-vis Western angst. Foreign Policy News.

Tharoor, S. (2015). China’s Silk Road Revival—and the Fears It Stirs—Are Deeply Rooted in the Country’s History. New Perspectives Quarterly, 32(1), 18–21.

ul Haq, M. (1971). Employment and Income Distribution in the 1970’s: A new Perspective. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 9(1/2), 1–9.

van Bergeijk, P. A. G., & Brakman, S. (2010). The Gravity Model in International Trade: Advances and Applications. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=vQSwRPuMoZMC

Venkatachalam, K. S. (2017). Can Pakistan Afford CPEC? Diplomat, The. Retrieved from https://thediplomat.com/2017/06/can-pakistan-afford-cpec/

Verma, A., & Ramanayya, T. V. (2014). Public Transport Planning and Management in Developing Countries. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=XIiZBQAAQBAJ

Wan, M. (2016). The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: The Construction of Power and the Struggle for the East Asian International Order. Palgrave Macmillan US.

Wenwen, W. (2018). CPEC defies skepticism to aid Pakistan’s development. Global Times.

Wikipedia, S., & Books, L. L. C. (2011). Coastal Cities and Towns in Pakistan: Karachi, Gwadar, Port Qasim, Saddar Town, Bin Qasim Town, Jhirk, Pasni, Kiamari Town, Gadap Town. Arkansas: General Books.

Xing, Y. (2015). The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and China’s Role in Regional Economic Governance.

Yu, H., & Institute, N. U. of S. E. A. (2015). The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank to Spearhead China’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ Initiative.

Yusuf, S. (2008). Development economics through the decades: a critical look at thirty years of the world development report. The World Bank.

Zhang, W. B. (2018). Economic Growth Theory: Capital, Knowledge, and Economic Stuctures. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=sLlHDwAAQBAJ

Zhu, J. (2016). Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): Why It Matters and How It Works. Alexandria.

Zia-ur-Rehman, M., Hassan Sabri, D., & Ishaque, W. (n.d.). CPEC-STRENGTHENING THE ECONOMY THROUGH MICROFINANCE.

Downloads

Published

2022-10-14

How to Cite

Iram Naseer Ahmad. (2022). Building the Nation Amid Infrastructure; China Pakistan Economic Corridor (Cpec), Dividends and Apprehensions. American Journal of Economics and Business Management, 5(10), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.31150/ajebm.v5i10.1555

Similar Articles

<< < 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.