Modi 's Policy Towards North East

Abstract

The North Eastern region of India, often referred to as the ‘Seven Sisters’, has historically remained on the fringes of India’s mainstream development narrative due to geographical isolation, poor infrastructure, and socio-political unrest. However, under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s leadership since 2014, there has been a perceptible shift in the Centre’s approach towards the North East. Modi's policy towards this region is rooted in the principles of inclusivity, connectivity, peace-building, and regional empowerment.

At the heart of Modi’s vision lies the transformation of the North East from a "periphery" to a "growth engine" of New India. His government has actively worked to bridge the physical and psychological distance between the North East and the rest of the country. The transformation began with the Act East Policy, which replaced the older Look East Policy. While the Look East Policy was largely diplomatic, the Act East Policy under Modi is action-oriented, using the North East as a strategic link to deepen ties with ASEAN nations (Haokip, 2015). This has resulted in the development of multiple connectivity corridors including roads, railways, and air networks, most notably the expansion of national highways and the implementation of UDAN scheme for regional air connectivity.

One of the most significant achievements of Modi's North East policy has been the considerable reduction in insurgency. His government has adopted a multi-pronged approach — combining dialogue with armed groups, socio-economic development, and targeted security interventions. The signing of the Bodo Peace Accord in 2020 and the Naga Framework Agreement are landmark steps that aim to establish long-term peace while respecting local aspirations.

Infrastructure development has also taken centre stage. Projects like the Bogibeel Bridge in Assam, the India-Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway, and expansion of telecom infrastructure have helped integrate the region better. Additionally, emphasis has been placed on energy development, organic farming, and tourism as drivers of economic growth (Baruah, 2020). Special attention has been paid to youth empowerment through entrepreneurship, sports development, and educational institutions such as the establishment of IIITs and AIIMS in the region.

Another major highlight of Modi’s approach is the consistent presence and engagement of the Prime Minister and central ministers in the region. Modi himself has visited the North East more than 50 times — a record for any Indian Prime Minister — signalling the importance accorded to the region. Symbolically and practically, this helped in changing the perception of neglect and exclusion.

In conclusion, Modi’s policy towards the North East represents a paradigmatic shift in India’s federal and regional governance. The focus has moved from reactive to proactive development; from treating the region as a "problem zone" to recognising it as a "possibility zone." While challenges like ethnic tensions, ecological concerns, and infrastructure gaps persist, the government’s targeted efforts have started yielding tangible outcomes, offering a renewed sense of belonging and hope to the people of North East India.